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Abstract:
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Biosecurity management practices are used by beekeepers to ensure that bee diseases, and pests, are not accidentally introduced into an apiary. Biosecurity requires beekeepers to be vigilant by taking measures to ensure that their bees do not become exposed to threats from outside the apiary. Apiary hygiene and the use of barrier management principles are essential management practices to prevent diseases and pests from spreading from one hive to another, either within an apiary or to a neighbouring apiar
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